When HBP has no known
cause, it might be called essential hypertension, primary hypertension, or
idiopathic hypertension. When another condition
causes HBP, it's sometimes called secondary hypertension.
Some people only have high
systolic blood pressure. This condition is called isolated systolic
hypertension (ISH). Many older adults have this condition. ISH can cause as
much harm as HBP in which both numbers are too high.
Measuring Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is the force
of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood.
High blood pressure, sometimes called hypertension, happens when this force is
too high. Health care workers check blood pressure readings the same way for
children, teens, and adults. They use a gauge, stethoscope or electronic
sensor, and a blood pressure cuff. With this equipment, they measure:
- Systolic Pressure: blood pressure when the heart beats while pumping blood
- Diastolic Pressure: blood pressure when the heart is at rest between beats
118/76
mmHg
People read "118 over 76" millimeters of mercury. |
Normal Blood Pressure
Normal blood pressure for
adults is defined as a systolic pressure below 120 mmHg and a diastolic
pressure below 80 mmHg. It is normal for blood pressures to change when you
sleep, wake up, or are excited or nervous. When you are active, it is normal
for your blood pressure to increase. However, once the activity stops, your
blood pressure returns to your normal baseline range.
Blood pressure normally
rises with age and body size (being OVERWEIGHT). Newborn babies often have very
low blood pressure numbers that are considered normal for babies, while older
teens have numbers similar to adults.
Abnormal Blood Pressure
Abnormal increases in blood
pressure are defined as having blood pressures higher than 120/80 mmHg. The
following table outlines and defines high blood pressure severity levels.
Stages of High Blood Pressure In Adults
Stages
|
Systolic
(top number) |
Diastolic
(bottom number) |
|
Pre-hypertension
|
120–139
|
OR
|
80–89
|
High
blood pressure Stage 1
|
140–159
|
OR
|
90–99
|
High
blood pressure Stage 2
|
160
or higher
|
OR
|
100
or higher
|
The ranges in the table are
blood pressure guides for adults who do not have any short-term serious
illnesses. People with diabetes or chronic kidney disease should keep
their blood pressure below 130/80 mmHg.
Although blood pressure
increases seen in pre-hypertension are less than those used to diagnose high
blood pressure, pre-hypertension can progress to high blood pressure and should
be taken seriously. Over time, consistently high blood pressure weakens and
damages your blood vessels, which can lead to complications.
Types of High Blood Pressure
There are two main types of
high blood pressure: primary and secondary high blood pressure.
Causes of High Blood Pressure
Unhealthy Lifestyle Habits
Unhealthy lifestyle habits
can cause high blood pressure, including:
- High dietary sodium intake and sodium sensitivity
- Drinking excess amounts of alcohol
- Lack of physical activity
Overweight
and Obesity
Research studies show that
being overweight or obese can increase the resistance in the blood vessels,
causing the heart to work harder and leading to high blood pressure.You are more likely to develop pre-hypertension or high blood
pressure if you’re overweight or obese. The terms “overweight” and “obese” refer to body weight
that’s greater than what is considered healthy for a certain height.
If one
does not control his weight gain, the risk of high blood pressure is very high,
and with the high blood pressure will come other severe medical complications.
Complications of High Blood Pressure
When blood pressure stays
high over time, it can damage the body and cause complications. Some common
complications and their signs and symptoms include:
- Aneurysms: When an abnormal bulge forms in the wall of an artery. Aneurysms develop and grow for years without causing signs or symptoms until they rupture, grow large enough to press on nearby body parts, or block blood flow. The signs and symptoms that develop depend on the location of the aneurysm.
- Chronic Kidney Disease: When blood vessels narrow in the kidneys, possibly causing kidney failure.
- Cognitive Changes: Research shows that over time, higher blood pressure numbers can lead to cognitive changes. Signs and symptoms include memory loss, difficulty finding words, and losing focus during conversations.
- Eye Damage: When blood vessels in the eyes burst or bleed. Signs and symptoms include vision changes or blindness.
- Heart Attack: When the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a section of heart muscle suddenly becomes blocked and the heart doesn’t get oxygen. The most common warning symptoms of a heart attack are chest pain or discomfort, upper body discomfort, and shortness of breath.
- Heart Failure: When the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. Common signs and symptoms of heart failure include shortness of breath or trouble breathing; feeling tired; and swelling in the ankles, feet, legs, abdomen, and veins in the neck.
- Peripheral Artery Disease: A disease in which plaque builds up in leg arteries and affects blood flow in the legs. When people have symptoms, the most common are pain, cramping, numbness, aching, or heaviness in the legs, feet, and buttocks after walking or climbing stairs.
- Stroke: When the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a portion of the brain is blocked. The symptoms of a stroke include sudden onset of weakness; paralysis or numbness of the face, arms, or legs; trouble speaking or understanding speech; and trouble seeing.
Quick Treatment For High Blood Pressure
The quick and most assured
key to preventing and normalizing the blood pressure is to check your weight
and work towards reducing it to normal. Treatments for high blood pressure starts with engaging in heart-healthy lifestyle changes.
Heart-healthy lifestyle changes
include:
- Heart-healthy eating
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Managing stress
- Physical activity
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